Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an anxiolytic drug.

OBJECTIVES: To review and describe studies of the non-psychotomimetic constituent of Cannabis sativa, cannabidiol (CBD), as an anxiolytic drug and discuss its possible mechanisms of action. METHOD: The articles selected for the review were identified through searches in English, Portuguese, and Spanish in the electronic databases ISI Web of Knowledge, SciELO, PubMed, and PsycINFO, combining the search terms "cannabidiol and anxiolytic", "cannabidiol and anxiolytic-like", and "cannabidiol and anxiety". The reference lists of the publications included, review articles, and book chapters were handsearched for additional references. Experimental animal and human studies were included, with no time restraints. RESULTS: Studies using animal models of anxiety and involving healthy volunteers clearly suggest an anxiolytic-like effect of CBD. Moreover, CBD was shown to reduce anxiety in patients with social anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION: Future clinical trials involving patients with different anxiety disorders are warranted, especially of panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorders. The adequate therapeutic window of CBD and the precise mechanisms involved in its anxiolytic action remain to be determined.

Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an anxiolytic drug / Canabidiol, um componente da Cannabis sativa, como um ansiolítico

OBJECTIVES: To review and describe studies of the non-psychotomimetic constituent of Cannabis sativa, cannabidiol (CBD), as an anxiolytic drug and discuss its possible mechanisms of action. METHOD: The articles selected for the review were identified through searches in English, Portuguese, and Spanish in the electronic databases ISI Web of Knowledge, SciELO, PubMed, and PsycINFO, combining the search terms "cannabidiol and anxiolytic", "cannabidiol and anxiolytic-like", and "cannabidiol and anxiety". The reference lists of the publications included, review articles, and book chapters were handsearched for additional references. Experimental animal and human studies were included, with no time restraints. RESULTS: Studies using animal models of anxiety and involving healthy volunteers clearly suggest an anxiolytic-like effect of CBD. Moreover, CBD was shown to reduce anxiety in patients with social anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION: Future clinical trials involving patients with different anxiety disorders are warranted, especially of panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorders. The adequate therapeutic window of CBD and the precise mechanisms involved in its anxiolytic action remain to be determined.

OBJETIVOS: Revisar e descrever os estudos do constituinte não psicotomimético da Cannabis sativa, o canabidiol (CBD), como ansiolítico e discutir seus possíveis mecanismos de ação. MÉTODO: Os artigos selecionados para a presente revisão foram identificados por meio de busca eletrônica em inglês, português e espanhol nos bancos de dados ISI Web of Knowledge, SciELO, PubMed e PsycINFO e combinando os termos "canabidiol e ansiolíticos", "canabidiol e semelhante ao ansiolítico" e "canabidiol e ansiedade". Foram também revisadas as listas de referências dos artigos incluídos, de revisões da literatura e de capítulos de livro. Incluímos trabalhos experimentais em humanos e em animais, sem limite de tempo. RESULTADOS: Estudos com modelos animais de ansiedade e envolvendo voluntários saudáveis sugerem claramente que o CBD possui efeitos ansiolíticos. Além disso, o CBD mostrou-se capaz de reduzir a ansiedade em pacientes com transtorno de ansiedade social. CONCLUSÃO: Futuros ensaios clínicos com pacientes portadores de diferentes transtornos de ansiedade, em especial pacientes com transtorno do pânico, obsessivo-compulsivo, ansiedade social e estresse pós-traumático, são oportunos. Além disso, ainda é necessário determinar a adequada faixa terapêutica do CBD e os exatos mecanismos envolvidos nessa ação ansiolítica.

[Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Recent-Onset Arthritis Disability (ROAD) index into Brazilian Portuguese]. / Tradução e adaptação transcultural da Recent-Onset Arthritis Disability (ROAD) index para o português do Brasil.

INTRODUCTION: The increasing search for the psychological treatment of patients with chronic diseases and with clinical indications for the control of physical and psychological capacities has revealed a need for instruments aimed at assessing these patients. Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition that has been widely studied with a focus on the development of new drugs and treatment approaches. However, psychometric instruments developed for this specific population are still rare. OBJECTIVE: To describe the translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of the Recent-Onset Arthritis Disability (ROAD) index. METHODS: The process involved two translations and back-translations performed by four independent translators, the assessment of all versions obtained, followed by the development of a synthetic version by specialists in the field. The process was completed with an experimental application of the instrument. RESULTS: All stages of the translation/adaptation process are described. No comprehension difficulties were reported by the participants, who had different education levels, ranging from elementary school to university level. CONCLUSION: At the end of the study, the final version of the ROAD index in Brazilian Portuguese is presented. The adapted instrument was considered adequate and equivalent in meaning to the original instrument.

Tradução e adaptação transcultural do Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire / Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire

INTRODUÇÃO: Atualmente há um aumento crescente no número de diagnósticos de artrite reumatoide, seja graças à evolução dos métodos diagnósticos ou a intensas pesquisas realizadas na área de reumatologia, porém há uma lacuna quanto a instrumentos de medidas para acompanhamento no campo físico e psíquico da evolução dessa doença, que pode causar limitações físicas graves com o seu avanço, além do comprometimento de diversos aspectos da qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver a versão em português brasileiro do Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, um instrumento de avaliação e monitoramento do estado de saúde em pacientes com transtornos e doenças que incapacitam as atividades cotidianas realizadas pelas suas mãos. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas duas traduções e retrotraduções por avaliadores independentes e cegos quanto ao instrumento original, seguidas de composição de uma versão sintética, testada experimentalmente em um grupo de sujeitos da população geral e também pacientes com diagnóstico de artrite. RESULTADOS: São apresentadas todas as fases do processo. A participação de tradutores especialistas em saúde mental, reumatologia e ortopedia favoreceu a adequação dos termos utilizados ao construto mensurado. A aplicação experimental evidenciou a correta compreensão de todos os itens, quanto ao seu significado, por todos os respondentes. CONCLUSÃO: Elaborada a versão em português brasileiro da Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire.

INTRODUCTION: Currently there are an increasing number of diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis thanks to developments in diagnostic methods or the extensive research conducted in the area of Rheumatology, however, but there is a gap in the measurement instruments for monitoring the field of physical and mental development of this disease that cause severe physical limitations with their progress in addition to impairment of various aspects of quality of life. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to develop the Brazilian Portuguese version of Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, an instrument of evaluation and monitoring of health status in patients with disorders and diseases that inable the daily activities carried out by their hands. METHODS: We performed two independent translations and back translations by independent examiners blinded to the original instrument, then the composition of a synthetic version, tested experimentally in a group of subjects from the general population and also patients with arthritis. RESULTS: We present all stages of the process. The participation of translators specialized in mental health, orthopedics and rheumatology favored the appropriateness of the terms used to construct measured. The experimental application showed a correct understanding of all items, as to its meaning for all respondents. CONCLUSION: Developed the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire.

Tradução e adaptação transcultural da Recent-Onset Arthritis Disability (ROAD) index para o português do Brasil / Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Recent-Onset Arthritis Disability (ROAD) index into Brazilian Portuguese

INTRODUÇÃO: Com a crescente procura pelo acompanhamento psicológico de pacientes com doenças crônicas e indicações clínicas para o monitoramento de suas capacidades físicas e psíquicas, existe a necessidade de instrumentos que possibilitem essa avaliação. A artrite reumatoide é uma doença que vem sendo amplamente estudada para que novas drogas e tratamentos sejam desenvolvidos, porém instrumentos psicométricos desenvolvidos para essa população específica ainda são raros. OBJETIVO: Descrever a adaptação transcultural, para o português brasileiro, da Recent-Onset Arthritis Disability (ROAD) index. MÉTODOS: O processo envolveu duas traduções e retrotraduções realizadas por quatro tradutores independentes, a avaliação das versões fornecidas, seguida da elaboração de uma versão sintética por especialistas no assunto. O processo foi finalizado com a aplicação experimental do instrumento. RESULTADOS: Todas as etapas do processo são descritas. Não foram percebidas dificuldades de compreensão na autoaplicação da escala, que foi realizada por grupos de diferentes níveis de instrução, compreendendo desde ensino fundamental até nível universitário completo. CONCLUSÃO: Ao final do estudo, é apresentada a versão final da ROAD em português brasileiro. O instrumento adaptado foi considerado adequado e correspondente ao instrumento original (AU)

INTRODUCTION: The increasing search for the psychological treatment of patients with chronic diseases and with clinical indications for the control of physical and psychological capacities has revealed a need for instruments aimed at assessing these patients. Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition that has been widely studied with a focus on the development of new drugs and treatment approaches. However, psychometric instruments developed for this specific population are still rare. OBJECTIVE: To describe the translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of the Recent-Onset Arthritis Disability (ROAD) index. METHODS: The process involved two translations and back-translations performed by four independent translators, the assessment of all versions obtained, followed by the development of a synthetic version by specialists in the field. The process was completed with an experimental application of the instrument. RESULTS: All stages of the translation/adaptation process are described. No comprehension difficulties were reported by the participants, who had different education levels, ranging from elementary school to university level. CONCLUSION: At the end of the study, the final version of the ROAD index in Brazilian Portuguese is presented. The adapted instrument was considered adequate and equivalent in meaning to the original instrument (AU)